Archive for the ‘Legacy Media’ Category

Did I Get All of My Frame?

Thursday, April 21st, 2011

We are presenting a continuing series to explain what effects, phenomenon, and peculiarities one should look for in evaluating the quality of a home movie film conversion and transfer to DVD. These considerations are applicable to regular 8mm, Super 8mm, as well as 16mm home movie film conversion and transfers. The consumer does not have to be an expert but merely needs to know some key elements to be aware of. There are many service providers in the Greater Detroit area that will perform these services with varying degrees of excellent quality. Truly, many are excellent. However, it only makes sense to do some homework first so that you can avoid others which might give you disappointing results.

In this fifth installment we will examine the consideration of getting your whole frame.

Home movie film transfers look so much more crisp and nice if they have a nicely defined edge at the periphery. While 16mm film is much better at having such a nicely defined edge, the sad truth is that 8mm film usually does not. Consider first that just getting into home movies was a budget buster for most families. Consequently, home movie film camera manufacturers looked for ways to lower the cost and thereby compete more effectively in the home movie film market. By lowering the quality in areas that consumers were either not aware of or could easily tolerate the manufacturer could hit a home run. A prime candidate for getting hit was the film gate of the home movie motion picture camera. There are a variety of limitations resulting from this but one of the big ones is a fuzzily defined periphery and especially so on the entry level 8mm home movie cameras. There were also other factors affecting even the high-end equipment such as dust and dirt that collected in the film gate of the camera and became a permanent part of the picture being exposed onto the film itself.

When some service providers transfer your 8mm home movies to digital media they will sacrifice some of the imagery in the periphery in order to get a sharply defined edge. This is not necessarily a bad practice but one of preference. If done with precision it may even be a favorable preference. At W. Cardone Productions our preference is to let you actually see the periphery of your 8mm home movies and then carefully control the image capture such that the film’s periphery is at the outermost edge of the video frame. When you see a rough edge on the periphery you know that you were given the entire frame of your 8mm home movie. The severity of the rough edge, though, depends on the original film exposure.

Now, let us describe the problem that can arise from trying to hide the original periphery and thereby have a nicely defined edge on the frame. The problem arises when the person doing the home movie transfer gets sloppy and does not carefully center and maximize the view capture. This is very easy to do and especially so when cranking through an arm load of home movie film transfers.

Please examine below still frames given to us by a client who took some time to compare home movie transfer services. In the illustration you will see the competitor’s frame on the left and ours on the right but with the competitor’s frame overlaid on ours. With this overlay you can see the portion of the original frame that the competitor missed. Examine the periphery of the still frame on the right and you will see a rough edge. Because the rough edge is at the outermost edge of the video frame you know that your capture was carefully aligned and centered.

To be fair, though, this particular competitor charges significantly less than we do. It would therefore be fair to say that their home movie transfer service is a worthy consideration if shopping for a price point.

Home Movie Transfer DVD Packaging

Monday, April 18th, 2011

At W. Cardone Productions the home movie transfers that we do are packaged using professional graphics coordinated between the DVD case dust cover, DVD disk label, and the DVD interactive menuing system. Similar packaging is done for audio transfers to CD such as 78rpm and LP records, cassette tapes, and reel-to-reel tapes. Please view the animation below to see an example of what a typical package is like.

How Viewable are Dark Areas?

Saturday, April 16th, 2011

We are presenting a continuing series to explain what effects, phenomenon, and peculiarities one should look for in evaluating the quality of a home movie film conversion and transfer to DVD. These considerations are applicable to regular 8mm, Super 8mm, as well as 16mm film conversion and transfers. The consumer does not have to be an expert but merely needs to know some key elements to be aware of. There are many service providers in the Greater Detroit area that will perform these services with varying degrees of excellent quality. However, it only makes sense to do some homework first so that you can avoid others which might give you disappointing results.

In this fourth installment we will examine viewability of dark areas.

One of the more common things we see in home movie film transfers by various service providers in the Greater Detroit area is shadowy areas that show little detail. Please view the two still frames below provided to us by one of our clients that gave sample film to us and another film transfer company for comparison purposes. The frames on the left are from a competitor’s 8mm home movie transfer and on the right are matching frames from W. Cardone Productions.

Please look for additional posts in the future where we will discuss still other considerations relating to regular 8mm, super 8mm, and 16mm home movie film conversion and transfer to DVD. And also please remember that at W. Cardone Productions we are among the top service providers treating your family treasures with the respect they deserve.

Daylight and Indoor Film Distinctions

Tuesday, April 12th, 2011

From the early nineteen thirties, 8mm and 16mm home movie film was available in a number of different types with alpha designations ranging from A through K. However, there were two fundamental choices the home movie film hobbyist had to deal with—Indoor or Outdoor film type. If the immediate application was a scene shot outdoors, then the film type needed to be “daylight.” If shooting was to be indoors then a film balanced for indoor tungsten light gave vivid colors. However, for a variety of reasons the wrong home movie film was often used. Sometimes circumstances of the moment dictated that the mom had to capture a precious family moment of the babies with the wrong film or not shoot at all. It may have been that when the home movie hobbyist went to buy film that the drug store did not have what he needed in stock. It could have been that indoor movie film was already loaded in the camera and dad just grabbed the camera to shoot an instant family moment of the kids playing on the swing.

In the days of 8mm and 16mm home movie film it wasn’t a really big deal because the projected image didn’t look all that bad even with the wrong film. With indoor film used outdoors the colors were washed and looked a little odd. Outdoor movie film used indoors was much worse having a severe orange hue but still looked tolerable. A third variation was indoor home movie film used indoors but with a lot of outdoor light streaming through the windows.

The real problem surfaces when we convert and transfer to DVD incorrectly exposed 8mm home movie film. While the projected home movie film looks just “so, so” and bland, the video conversion is borderline intolerable. For example, indoor home movie film exposed outdoors will have a bluish colorcast. Green lawn grass will appear as a bright green in the projected image but the video version will have a very deep shade of green with an obvious blue overcast. Flesh tones will look washed and faded in the projected image but will look like an ice cold and very unnatural shade of pink in the video.

Consumers having their legacy regular 8mm, super 8mm, and 16mm home movie films converted to digital media are at a loss to evaluate the success of their transfer. They typically inherited the films from mom and pops (long since deceased), have no means to project them, and may have not seen them projected in twenty years if ever.

All of the home movie films that we convert to digital media undergo a defacto color correction inherent in the implementation of proper white balancing of the video signal. This white balancing is based on the color temperature of the projector lamp meaning that our defacto color correction assumes that the 8mm home movie film was properly exposed during its original creation thirty or forty years ago. Properly exposed home movie films that we convert to digital media actually look BETTER and more natural than the films’ projection. Sad to say, without additional help, IMPROPERLY exposed film looks worse when converted to video.

There is good news. Sophisticated video software allows us to do simple color correction after the initial conversion to digital media. It cannot bring to life the vivid colors that were lost to eternity during the initial film creation but it does have a dramatic improvement. The color correction is fairly simple to implement so we do not charge an additional fee for this service. We will automatically do this color correction when we see a need and when we can implement it without much overhead.

Please view below a sample film illustrating what can be done with simple color correction.

Screen Texture

Monday, March 21st, 2011

We are presenting a continuing series to explain what effects, phenomenon, and peculiarities one should look for in evaluating the quality of a home movie film conversion and transfer to DVD. These considerations are applicable to regular 8mm, Super 8mm, as well as 16mm film conversion and transfers. The consumer does not have to be an expert but merely needs to know some key elements to be aware of. There are many service providers that will perform these services with varying degrees of excellent quality. However, it only makes sense to do some homework first so that you can avoid others which might give you disappointing results.

In this third installment we will examine screen texture.

One method of doing film transfer is to project the film image onto a screen or other appropriate surface and then capture a video of what appears on the screen. If done improperly the video camera will capture the texture of the screen together with the movie film image. When this effect is present it is easiest to identify when the movie film does a slow or moderate pan from one scene to the next. If present, the screen texture will remain stationary during the pan making it easy to identify. The casual observer might conclude that the original movie camera operator did not properly clean the movie camera’s lens or filter. The texture that you observe, however, is sharply defined meaning that it could not have been part of the original footage.

Please look for additional posts where we will discuss still other considerations relating to home movie film conversion and transfer to DVD. And also please remember that at W. Cardone Productions we are among the top service providers treating your family treasures with the respect they deserve.

Film Transfer to DVD Grain Consideration

Tuesday, March 15th, 2011

We are presenting a continuing series to explain what effects, phenomenon, and peculiarities one should look for in evaluating the quality of a home movie film conversion and transfer to DVD. These considerations are applicable to regular 8mm, Super 8mm, as well as 16mm film conversion and transfers. The consumer does not have to be an expert but merely needs to know about some key elements to be aware of. While there are many service providers that will perform home movie transfers with varying degrees of excellent quality, it only makes sense to avoid those which might provide disappointing results.

At W. Cardone Productions we recommend that you try different providers with sample reels and then evaluate the results before selecting one to transfer your entire collection. We make this especially easy for you in that we will transfer one 3” reel (50 feet) of your regular 8mm, Super 8mm, Super 8mm sound, 16mm, and 16mm sound (magnetic or optical) for free so that you can evaluate our results for yourself.

In this second installment we will examine video grain. From time to time we will add additional posts relating to the quality of regular 8mm, super 8mm, and 16mm home movie film transferred to modern media.

Video grain is very much similar to film grain. Film is manufactured in different “speeds.” We have fast film to use where we anticipate low-light shooting scenes and we have slow film to use where an abundance of light is available. The first question the uninitiated might ask is, “Why not just always use fast film?” For our discussion here, there is a trade-off between the two with respect to granularity or the ability to capture fine detail. In video we have the same consideration to deal with. Where the video camera is looking at a low-light environment, and after opening its iris all the way it still needs more light, it will increase its video gain in an attempt to compensate. Think of this as turning up the volume knob on a radio so that you can hear it better. If the video camera determines that it needs more light it will automatically increase its gain but this is at the expense of producing granular results. Yet while increasing the gain slightly degrades the captured image, it is much better than shooting with insufficient light.

One very popular method used to convert home movie film to digital media is to project the movie film on a specially prepared surface. One of the key elements to success, among literally dozens, is projecting sufficient light such that the video camera does not try to compensate by increasing its video gain.

When evaluating a film conversion and transfer of your 8mm or 16mm film be sure to carefully look for a granular element evenly distributed over the entire television screen. It might be described as a sparkly effect or maybe just a lot of sand. It might not be obvious because there are varying degrees. If the camera only had to slightly increase its gain there might be no granular effect visible at all. But if the video camera was straining with all its might increasing its gain as far as it could, the granularity will be unmistakable.

Please look for additional posts where we will discuss still other considerations relating to home 8mm movie film conversion and transfer to DVD. And also please remember that at W. Cardone Productions we are among the top service providers treating your family treasures with the respect they deserve.

Film Transfer to DVD Flicker or “Rolling Bar” Considerations

Friday, March 11th, 2011

In generations gone past family memories were captured to motion pictures with regular 8mm, Super 8mm, and 16mm film. In later years sound film started to gain use. The means to view these family treasures have for the most part vanished from common availability. Consequently these films have in many cases been sitting in closets becoming forgotten memories and degrading with age each year. There are many service providers that will transfer these family legacy memories to modern media with varying degrees of excellent quality.

At W. Cardone Productions we recommend that you try different providers with sample reels and then evaluate the results before selecting one to transfer your entire collection. While there are a number of excellent providers, there are those that you will be disappointed with. We make this especially easy for you in that we will transfer one 3” reel (50 feet) of your regular 8mm, Super 8mm, Super 8mm sound, 16mm, and 16mm sound (magnetic or optical) for free so that you can evaluate our results for yourself.

Presented herein are a few considerations to look at relating to the quality of home movie film converted and transferred to DVD. As you will see, many issues exist which the average consumer will not have thought of. These issues can have a dramatic effect on the overall quality that is delivered to you and therefore passed on to generations even yet unborn.

In this first installment we will examine flicker. From time to time we will add additional posts relating to the quality of film transferred to modern media.

Flicker is probably one of the most prominent issues relating to regular 8mm and Super 8mm film transferred to DVD. But it is not a flicker from the film itself. The flicker that we will address here is a “telecine” issue.

The flicker that most people think about with film is from a slow frame rate. The human eye has a “persistence” characteristic that makes it possible for film and even modern television to create the illusion of motion. Regular 8mm home movie film originally shot at 16 frames per second (fps) and then shown at that same speed will usually show flicker from the inability of the human eye to maintain a persistence from each advancing frame. Regular 8mm and Super 8mm home movie film shot at 18 fps and projected at that same speed will usually appear to be flicker free having a nice fluid motion perceived by the viewer. However, if telecining is not addressed in its transfer to DVD, a flicker or “rolling bar” will be observed on the TV even though the projected image it was taken from was very pleasing to look at with its fluid motion.

The problem is that the film is being projected at 18-24 fps while the television or computer monitor is scanning at 30 fps. A miss-match results which is perceived by the viewer as a rolling bar that falls or rises across the screen as the clip proceeds. Sometimes the rolling bar is faint and the viewer detects it as a faint pulsation. Other times it is dramatic, clearly showing as a bar that keeps rolling down the screen.

With regular 8mm and Super 8mm films this can be easily dialed out by merely slightly adjusting the speed of the film projection until the motion is fluid. Dialing in a speed too low or too high will result in a rolling bar either way. That “null” spot must be found. However, the rolling bar is not detectable until the film has been captured and then shown on a television. The camcorder capturing the projection will not show it since its viewfinder scan rate is unrelated to the NTSC television standard.

With Super 8mm sound film we have less flexibility. Manufacturers of the Super 8mm sound film cameras had very loose standards to enable low price entry points and consequently the speeds the films were shot at are not precisely known. When transferring Super 8mm sound film we would like to dial in a film speed where the voices sound normal. However, if this results in a rolling bar then we have to go to Plan B where we dial in a speed that nulls the rolling bar since a rolling bar cannot be taken out by even exotic means once captured to digital media. With Plan B we then correct the pitch of the voices in the digital media after the capture is complete.

There is another means which exists to deal with the telecine issue whereby the rolling bar is not nulled but is simply eliminated. This can be done if a 5-blade projector is used to project the image for capture. The trade-off with this method though is that it cuts down on the projected image brightness too much. The camcorder will then try to compensate by increasing its video gain which adds grain to the television image. Video gain which causes grain will be the subject of another post on the quality of film transferred to modern media.

Please look for additional posts where we will discuss still other considerations relating to home movie film conversion and transfer to DVD. And also please remember that at W. Cardone Productions we are among the top service providers treating your family treasures with the respect they deserve.

Vintage High School Vinyl LP Album Transferred to CD

Wednesday, August 19th, 2009

Many times when people want their legacy vinyl LP albums transferred to compact optical disk (CD) we find that they are already available commercially. These would include all of the fabulous 50 artists such as The Beatles, The Beach Boys, Gene Pitney, Frankie Avalon, and many more. Commercial entities able to sell these at a price significantly less than what we would have to charge to transfer to CD, anyhow. However, there are many of the legacy vinyl LP 33 rpm albums from the 1950s, ’60, and even ‘70s that are not available anywhere on CD. This is especially true for the case of private label albums such as high school productions.

Many of us are old enough to remember the quality even brand new LP albums had. The true audiophile of 1970 would spend thousands of 1970 dollars to get sound quality close to what we think nothing of today coming from a CD. The average teenie-bopper, however, only had access to far less quality playing hardware which nonetheless produced impressive audio but wore the vinyl. After a few playings, scratches began to be heard and as the vinyl aged the listener could detect hiss and objectionable scratches.

In addition to simply transferring the audio of a vintage LP album to CD, we can also do audio restoration for an additional nominal fee. Any LP album surviving multiple decades is certain to have scratches, clicks, pops, and lots of crackle. In many cases our restoration lowers the presence of these to the point where the average listener will not be able to detect them at all though results are not always the same.

We present here an example of the results from transferring legacy LP vinyl (50 year vintage) to CD with audio restoration. In 1959 and 1960 the Thomas M. Cooley high school in Detroit, Michigan produced three LP albums recording student festival productions. As you listen to samples of music extracted and restored from the vinyl, pay close attention to any sign of scratches, hiss, or rumble. It is not uncommon to achieve this level of success with our audio restoration.

If you are a Thomas M. Cooley High School alumnus (especially from 1959 and 1960) and would like to purchase any of these CDs, they are available at $12.50 each +tax plus $5.00 S&H. To order please call (734) 834-1700 and say you would like to order one or more of the three Cooley High CDs. Download the order form by clicking here. Personal checks, MasterCard, Visa, and American Express are accepted.